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Giovanni de Medici in Parma

Item Code: xxr321




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Goltzius - De Medici in Parma
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GIOVANNI DE MEDICI DEFEATED IN PARMA - 1583
 
Giovanni de' Medici defeated in Parma; two armies fighting on a field; in the foreground, Giovanni de Medici, in profile, on a horse looking front, carrying a large spear; a castle and a military camp seen in the background, to left. 1583
 
One of the 5 prints engraved by Goltzius from a subgroup of 8 plates showing the battles outside Tuscany (Rome, Parma, Milan, on the Adda, ...)
The other 3 probably engraved by Philips Galle (his name on plate 1 as 'sculpsit')
 
For the total series of 20 + title. Consisting besides the subgroup numbered 1 to 8 with battles outside Tuscany, of another subgroup with 8 plates showing battles in Tuscany and signed by Philips Galle as engraver, and 4 plates about Cosimo de Medici's entry in Rome.

The group of 21 (8+8+4+T) was published with the series title:
Mediceae Familiae Rerum Feliciter Gestarum Victoriae et Triumphi / Mediceae
Familiae Rerum Feliciter Gestarum Victoriae et Triumphi

With wide margins on a sheet of laid paper measuring 29 by 37 cm.
Watermarked twice (mark and contra mark)
Early state published by Philips Galle.
 
Engraver: Hendrick Goltzius ( New Hollstein 348.I )
Inventor: Johannes Stradanus ( New Hollstein 354 )
Publisher: Philips Galle ( New Hollstein 488-503)
Reference: Baroni Vannucci 691.11

Additional Information

SKU xxr321
Picture Size 22 x 29,50 cm
Specification Print
technic Engraving
Artist Hendrick Goltzius
period 16th Century
School Flemish
subject Battle Scenes
rating ****

Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1647)

Goltzius portraitDutch printmaker, draftsman, and painter. He was the leading Dutch engraver of the early Baroque period, or Northern Mannerism, noted for his sophisticated technique and the "exuberance" of his compositions.  Goltzius was born near Venlo in Bracht or Millebrecht in North Rhine-Westphalia. His family moved to Duisburg when he was 3 years old. After studying painting on glass for some years under his father, he learned engraving from the Dutch polymath Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, who then lived in Cleves. In 1577 he moved with Coornhert to Haarlem. In the same town, he was also employed by Philip Galle to engrave a set of prints of the history of Lucretia. Goltzius had a malformed right hand from a fire when he was a baby which turned out to be especially well-suited to holding the burin; "by being forced to draw with the large muscles of his arm and shoulder, he mastered a commanding swing of line.
At the age of 21 he married a widow somewhat advanced in years, whose money enabled him to establish an independent business at Haarlem ; but his unpleasant relations with her so affected his health that he found it advisable in 1590 to make a tour through Germany to Italy, where he acquired an intense admiration for the works of Michelangelo. He returned to Haarlem in August 1591, considerably improved in health, and worked there until his death.
Goltzius brought to an unprecedented level the use of the "swelling line", where the burin is manipulated to make lines thicker or thinner to create a tonal effect from a distance. He also was a pioneer of "dot and lozenge" technique, where dots are placed in the middle of lozenge shaped spaces created by cross-hatching to further refine tonal shading. Hollstein credits 388 prints to him, with a further 574 by other printmakers after his designs. In his command of the burin, Goltzius is said to rival Dürer. He made engravings of Bartholomeus Spranger's paintings. Goltzius began painting at the age of forty-two; some of his paintings can be found in Vienna. He also executed a few chiaroscuro woodcuts. He was the stepfather of engraver Jacob Matham. He died, aged 58, in Haarlem.

Inventor

Stradanus, Johannes (1523-1605)

stradanusLatin name for Jan van der Straet. Born 1523 in Bruge, Belgium, Stradanus, actually Jan van der Straet, received this first raining as an artist from his father. He moved to Antwerp in 1537 and began to show as a young man his talent for becoming one of the great artists in his time.

His path to Florence, then one of the hot spots of artist life, lead Stradanus via Lyon were he briefly stayed. and a six months stint in Venice. Right away he was hired by Cosimo I de Medici to design tapistry for the court. From 1550 to approximately 1553 Stradanus where he executed works for the Vatican and worked with Francesco Salviati whose style influenced him greatly. Back in Florence Stradanus worked with Giorgio Vasari. He designed frescoes and Tapistry for the Palazzo Vecchio, work that he continued into the 1570s. In 1567 he began designing tapistry for Cosimo's villa at Poggio a Caiano near Florence. The subject matter was "Hunting". Stradanus continued this work on copper plates. The prints were successfully published.

Stradanus lived partially in Antwerp and in Naples during the late 1570s, but eventually returned to Florence where he died in 1605.

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